Though not strictly part of the Zotero server API, Zotero profile CVs can be retrieved programmatically via:

http://www.zotero.org/api/users/<userID>/cv

Note that User IDs are different from usernames and can be found on the API Keys page and in OAuth responses. Also note that SSL is not required.

The specified user's CV is returned as XML which can be embedded or reused in a variety of ways. For example, you could transform it into HTML ready for styling via the following XSL:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:zapi="http://zotero.org/ns/api" version="1.0">
  <xsl:output method="html"/>
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <div id="cv">
      <xsl:for-each select="zapi:cvsection">
        <div class="section">
          <div class="title">
            <xsl:value-of select="./@title"/>
          </div>
          <div class="content">
            <xsl:copy-of select="."/>
          </div>
        </div>
      </xsl:for-each>
    </div>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>